General Guidelines for Estimating Wind Speeds
Source: National Weather Service Portland, Oregon

Calm Bft 0	Calm wind. Smoke rises vertically with little if any drift.
1-3 mph 1-5 km/h Bft 1	Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, not by wind vanes. Little if any movement with flags. Wind barely moves tree leaves.
4-7 mph 6-11 km/h Bft 2	Wind felt on face. Leaves rustle and small twigs move. Ordinary wind vanes move.
8-12 mph 12-20 km/h Bft 3	Leaves and small twigs in constant motion. Wind blows up dry leaves from the ground. Flags are extended out.
13-18 mph 21-29 km/h Bft 4	Wind moves small branches. Wind raises dust and loose paper from the ground and drives them along.
19-24 mph 30-39 km/h Bft 5	Large branches and small trees in leaf begin to sway. Crested wavelets form on inland lakes and large rivers.
25-31 mph 40-50 km/h Bft 6	Large brances in continous motion. Whistling sounds heard in overhead or nearby power and telephone lines. Umbrellas used with difficulty.
32-38 mph 51-61 km/h Bft 7	Whole trees in motion. Inconvenience walking against the wind.
39-46 mph 62-74 km/h Bft 8	Wind breaks twigs and small branches. Wind generally impedes walking.
47-54 mph 75-87 km/h Bft 9	Structural damage occurs, such as chimney covers, roofing tiles blown off, and television antennas damaged. Ground is littered with many small twigs and broken branches.
55-63 mph 88-101 km/h Bft 10	Considerable structural damage occurs, especially on roofs. Small trees may be blown over and uprooted.
64-75 mph 102-120 km/h Bft 11	Widespread damage occurs. Larger trees blown over and uprooted.
75+ mph >120 km/h Bft 12	Severe and extensive damage. Roofs can be peeled off. Windows broken. Trees uprooted. RVs and small mobile homes overturned. Moving automobiles can be pushed off the roadways.

Hail size estimating guidelines
Source: National Weather Service Burlington, Vermont

Hail Diameter	Reference Object
0.25 in (1/4")	Pea Size
0.75 in (3/4")	Penny Size
0.875 in (7/8")	Nickel Size
1 in	Quarter Size
1.25 in (1 1/4")	Half Dollar Size
1.5 in (1 1/2")	Walnut or Ping Pong Ball Size
1.75 in (1 3/4")	Golf Ball Size
2 in	Hen Egg Size
2.5 (2 1/2")	Tennis Ball Size
2.75 in (2 3/4")	Baseball Size
3 in	Teacup Size
4 in	Grapefruit/Softball Size
4.5 in (4 1/2")	CD/DVD Size

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